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''Amanita gemmata'', commonly known as the gemmed Amanita or the jonquil Amanita, is an agaric mushroom of the family Amanitaceae and genus ''Amanita''. The fruit body has a cap that is a dull to golden shade of yellow, and typically in diameter. The cap surface is sticky when moist, and characterized by white warts, which are easily detached. It is initially convex, and flattens out when mature. The flesh is white and does not change colour when cut. Gills are white and closely spaced. The stem is pale yellow, and measures long by thick. The partial veil that covers the young fruit body turns into the ring on the stem at maturity. The spore print is white, while the spores are roughly elliptical, and measure 8–10 by 6.5–7.5 µm. This species is a mycorrhizal fungus, widespread in the Americas and Europe. It can grow either singly, scattered, or in groups. It prefers habitats like coniferous and mixed forests and alongside paths, where it fruits in summer and fall. It is a toxic mushroom that has muscarine, the same toxin as Amanita muscaria and Amanita pantherina as well as many species in the Clitocybe and Inocybe genera. It is often confused with various other European species. ''A. gemmata'' resembles the false death cap, tawny grisette and panther cap mushrooms. Its cap is brighter in color than the former, and more yellow than the latter two. ==Taxonomy and phylogeny== |2=''Amanita farinosa'' }} |2= |2=''Amanita jacksonii'' }} }} }} |caption=Phylogeny and relationships of ''A. gemmata'' and related species based on combined analyses of nLSU-DNA and mtSSU-DNA sequences.〔 }} The species was first described scientifically by Swedish mycologist and botanist Elias Magnus Fries as ''Agaricus gemmatus'' in 1838.〔 It was transferred to the genus ''Amanita'' in 1866 by the French statistician Louis Bertillon.〔 The species has been transferred to several genera in its history, resulting in a number of synonyms, including ''Amanita muscaria'' var. ''gemmata'' (1886, Lucien Quélet), ''Amanitopsis gemmata'' (1887, Pier Andrea Saccardo), ''Amanitaria gemmata'' (1940, Jean-Edouard Gilbert), and ''Venenarius gemmatus'' (1948, William Murrill).〔 ''Amanita'' authority Rodham E. Tulloss considers ''A. amici'' (published by Claude Casimir Gillet in 1891) to be synonymous with ''A. gemmata'', as the macroscopic characteristics of the former fall within the limits of the range expected for the latter.〔 Within the genus ''Amanita'', ''A. gemmata'' is classified in subgenus ''Amanita'', section ''Amanita'', subsection ''Gemmatae'', and series ''Gemmatae''.〔 Tulloss places the species in a stirps (an informal ranking above species level) with ''A. russuloides'' and ''A. viscidolutea''.〔 Some mycologists believe that ''A. gemmata'' is not different from ''A. russuloides''.〔 Two molecular studies based on sequences of the large ribosomal subunit RNA gene (nLSU-rDNA) and the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit RNA gene (mtSSU-rDNA) show that ''A. gemmata'' is part of a clade within ''Amanita'' with its close relatives ''A. muscaria'', ''A. farinosa'' and ''A. roseitincta''.〔〔 The mushroom is commonly known as the "gemmed Amanita", the "jonquil Amanita",〔 or the "European gemmed Amanita".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amanita gemmata」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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